1、 There are three main reasons for slag inclusion in welding seam when automatic welding equipment is used

1、打底焊后不徹底，致使在快速熱焊時，未能使根部熔渣完全溢出。

1. After the backing welding is not complete, the root slag can not completely overflow during the rapid hot welding.

2、打底焊清根的方法不當，使根部焊道倆側溝槽過深，呈現W狀。在快速熱焊時，流到深槽的熔渣來不及溢出而形成夾渣。

2. The improper method of backing and root cleaning makes the groove on both sides of root pass too deep and W-shaped. In rapid hot welding, the slag flowing to the deep groove has no time to overflow and form slag inclusion.

3、在仰焊位置收弧過快也易產生夾渣。

3. In overhead welding position, too fast arc stopping is easy to produce slag inclusion.

二、自動焊接設備焊接過程中產生氣孔的原因：

2、 The causes of Blowholes in the welding process of automatic welding equipment are as follows

1、蓋面焊時，熔池過熱，吸覆大量的周邊空氣。

1. During the cover welding, the molten pool overheats and absorbs a lot of surrounding air.

2、蓋面焊時，焊條擺動幅度太大，熔池保護不佳。

2. During the cover welding, the swing range of welding rod is too large, and the protection of molten pool is poor.

3、根部間隙過小，容易產生根部針形氣泡。

3. If the root gap is too small, needle shaped bubbles are easy to form at the root.

4、焊條未在規定時間內用完或長時間暴露在空氣中。

4. The welding rod is not used up or exposed to the air for a long time.

三、焊縫產生裂紋的原因

3、 Causes of weld cracks

1、如果施工地段起伏較大，土墩未及時墊到位，使管子處在受力狀態，在焊接收弧點,尤其是6點鐘位置易出現應力裂紋。

1. If the construction section fluctuates greatly and the soil pier is not padded in place in time, the pipe will be in the stress state, and the stress crack is easy to appear at the welding stop point, especially at the 6 o'clock position.

2、在焊接過程中，如果早松開或撤離對口器，致使熔池中的鐵水未來的及凝固好，在焊接收弧出容易產生裂紋。

2. In the welding process, if the aligning device is released or withdrawn early, the molten iron in the molten pool will solidify well in the future, and cracks are easy to occur when the welding arc stops.

3、焊工在仰焊位置采用直接熄弧等不當的收弧方法，致使熔池未填滿形成弧坑而出現弧坑裂紋。

3. The welder adopts improper arc stopping methods such as direct arc extinguishing at overhead welding position, which leads to the formation of crater cracks due to the incompleteness of molten pool.

四、自動焊接設備焊接時內凹產生的原因

4、 Causes of concave in automatic welding equipment

1、打底焊時熔透深度不夠。

1. The penetration depth of backing welding is not enough.

2、焊接電流過大，熱焊時在5-7點位置焊速太慢。

2. The welding current is too large, and the welding speed is too slow at 5-7 points during hot welding.